Diet for Glomerulonephritis, Lupus, IgA nephritis, Kidney Stones
Table of Contents
According to information from the Malaysian Society of Nephrology, the most common types of chronic kidney disease are diabetic nephropathy and hypertensive nephropathy. Prolonged improper diet and unhealthy lifestyle habits can lead to elevated levels of blood sugar and blood pressure, causing damage to the small blood vessels in the kidneys. Therefore, maintaining normal levels of blood sugar and blood pressure through diet and lifestyle habits can help prevent the onset of type 2 diabetes and hypertension, thus preventing kidney failure.
So, how can diet help with chronic kidney disease? A diet low in salt and sugar, reduced trans fat intake, and consumption of an appropriate amount of protein tailored to the body’s needs are basic points to avoid worsening kidney function. Obese individuals are more prone to chronic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes, which, if not controlled, can harm the kidneys and indirectly lead to kidney disease. Therefore, maintaining proper weight management is also one of the key points in controlling chronic kidney disease. Debunking diet myths is also important in managing chronic kidney disease. Many people believe that consuming high amounts of protein is necessary for a healthy diet, but for individuals with kidney disease, this can put additional strain on the kidneys. It’s important to work with a healthcare provider or dietitian to develop a personalized diet plan that meets the specific needs of the individual and supports kidney health. Additionally, staying hydrated and avoiding excessive fluid intake can also play a role in managing chronic kidney disease.
In Malaysia, in addition to diabetic nephropathy and hypertensive nephropathy, several types of chronic kidney disease caused by non-dietary factors are prevalent, including:
Chronic Kidney Disease caused by Non-dietary Factors
Glomerulonephritis (GN)
GN is inflammation of the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units. It can result from various non-dietary causes such as infections, genetic abnormalities, or autoimmune disorders. IgA nephropathy is the most common type of GN.
Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD)
PKD is a genetic disorder characterized by the development of cysts in the kidneys, leading to kidney damage over time.
Kidney Stones
Untreated or recurrent kidney stones can cause long-term damage to the kidneys, resulting in chronic kidney disease. Dietary habits, such as insufficient water intake, excessive salt and fructose consumption, or obesity, can contribute to the formation of kidney stones.
Lupus Nephritis
In lupus nephritis, the immune system attacks the kidneys, causing inflammation and damage to kidney tissues, leading to proteinuria, hematuria, and a decline in kidney function. It is one of the most common complications of systemic lupus erythematosus, with unclear causes unrelated to diet.
What can Medical Nutrition Therapy Help?
Chronic kidney patients often search for information online or rely on others’ advice regarding “kidney diets,” which can lead to confusion. For chronic kidney diseases caused by non-dietary factors, combining appropriate medications with adherence to Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT) for chronic kidney disease management can help slow disease progression and reduce complications.
Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT) provides assistance in the following ways:
1. Control Protein Intake
The kidneys filter waste, including proteins. In chronic kidney patients, the kidneys may struggle to filter proteins efficiently, leading to waste buildup in the blood. Therefore, a low-protein diet can reduce the workload on the glomeruli, decrease proteinuria, slow the progression of glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis, delay the progression of chronic kidney failure, and prevent or delay the need for dialysis.
2. Manage Fluid and Electrolyte Balance
Kidneys play a crucial role in maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance in the body. In chronic kidney disease, impaired kidney function can lead to the accumulation of fluids and electrolytes. Dietary therapy manages fluid and electrolyte balance by monitoring sodium, potassium, and phosphorus intake, preventing complications such as hypertension or edema.
3. Control Blood Pressure
Hypertension is a common complication of chronic kidney disease. Dietary therapy helps control or lower blood pressure by limiting sodium intake and increasing fiber intake from vegetables, seeds, and whole grains.
4. Maintain Adequate Nutrition
Chronic kidney patients may face the risk of malnutrition due to decreased appetite, dietary restrictions, and metabolic abnormalities. Dietary therapy ensures that chronic kidney patients receive sufficient nutrition. It is crucial to have a registered dietitian assess nutritional status, identify nutrient deficiencies, and provide personalized advice to meet nutritional needs.
5. Intake of Quality Fats
Lupus nephritis and IgA nephropathy can impact the heart in various ways, increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases and strokes. Therefore, increasing the intake of quality fats, such as omega-3 fatty acids found in fatty fish, nuts, and seeds, helps reduce inflammation and improve heart health.
Summary
In conclusion, Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT) plays a crucial role in the management of chronic kidney diseases, whether caused by dietary or non-dietary factors. It helps improve overall health, slow disease progression, and reduce the risk of complications. Personalized dietary plans, under the supervision and guidance of a dietitian, ensure that nutritional needs are met while avoiding deficiencies or excesses, minimizing the risk of disease-related complications. Connect with Home Dietitians for personalized nutrition & dietetics plans !
